Namely in text
The article you are reading is called the secondary source.įor example, suppose you are reading an article by Brown (2014) that cites information from an article by Snow (1982) that you would like to include in your essay. The work that is mentioned in the article you are reading is called the primary source. Sometimes an author of a book, article or website will mention another person’s work by using a quotation or paraphrased idea from that source. Hunt (2011) explains that mother-infant attachment has been a leading topic of developmental research since John Bowlby found that "children raised in institutions were deficient in emotional and personality development" (p. Instead include the date after the name and the page number (if there is one) at the end of the quotation or paraphrased section. If you refer to the author's name in a sentence you do not have to include the name again as part of your in-text citation. Follow the same formatting that was used in the title, such as italics: ( Naturopathic, 2007). If the author's name is not given, then use the first word or words of the title.If you are paraphrasing the page number is not required. If you are quoting directly the page number should be included, if given.In-text citations include the last name of the author followed by a comma and the publication year enclosed in parentheses: (Smith, 2007).Brief in-text citations point the reader to more complete information in the reference list at the end of the paper. In APA, in-text citations are inserted in the body of your research paper to briefly document the source of your information.